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WormBase Tree Display for WBProcess: WBbiopr:00000008

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Name Class

WBbiopr:00000008Public_nameResponse to pathogens
SummaryC. elegans is susceptible to disease or death brought on by a number of different microbial or fungal pathogens. While some of these pathogens, e.g., Drechmeria conispora and Microbacterium nematophilum are more specific to nematodes, other pathogens, e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, etc., are also pathogenic to humans. Genetic studies of C. elegans response to these pathogens have shown the nematode to employ three main mechanisms to defend against pathogen attack. First, as a behavioral response, C. elegans has been shown to use olfactory cues to distinguish different bacteria and respond with avoidance to those that are deemed harmful. Second, C. elegans has evolved physical barriers to infection that include a cuticle of collagen and chitin that protects the worm from its environment. This cuticle is also replaced at each larval molt, decreasing the worm's exposure to harmful bacteria that may be hitching a ride. In addition, C. elegans has evolved a pharyngeal grinder capable of pulverizing bacteria, keeping live bacteria from entering the gut. Third, C. elegans nematodes have inducible innate immune responses that are analogous to stress response pathways present in other organisms, for example, the PMK-1/P38 MAPK signaling pathway induced in response to Salmonella enterica.
Related_topicGeneralisation_ofWBbiopr:00000039
Involved_entityGeneWBGene00000223Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041033
WBPaper00041211
WBGene00007653Paper_evidenceWBPaper00039977
WBGene00004508Paper_evidenceWBPaper00043973
WBGene00004326Paper_evidenceWBPaper00043973
WBGene00000908Paper_evidenceWBPaper00042464
WBPaper00045112
WBGene00000936Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005382
WBGene00022139Paper_evidenceWBPaper00031865
WBGene00000897Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006215
WBGene00000267Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006229
WBGene00005153Paper_evidenceWBPaper00024246
WBPaper00006215
WBGene00016670Paper_evidenceWBPaper00045112
WBGene00002090Paper_evidenceWBPaper00045112
WBGene00000068Paper_evidenceWBPaper00031865
WBGene00000415Paper_evidenceWBPaper00032003
WBGene00000024Paper_evidenceWBPaper00032003
WBGene00010759Paper_evidenceWBPaper00039977
WBGene00000782Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040118
WBGene00000905Paper_evidenceWBPaper00042464
WBGene00003096Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040118
WBGene00004997Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041035
WBGene00000268Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006229
WBGene00000418Paper_evidenceWBPaper00004574
WBGene00000417Paper_evidenceWBPaper00004574
WBGene00000270Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006229
WBPaper00004776
WBGene00001851Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041294
WBGene00006876Paper_evidenceWBPaper00031865
WBGene00004986Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041035
WBGene00001178Paper_evidenceWBPaper00003860
WBPaper00004902
WBPaper00041294
WBGene00000269Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006229
WBGene00000423Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005709
WBGene00004681Paper_evidenceWBPaper00043973
WBGene00014046Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040118
WBGene00007709Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040118
WBGene00006923Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041045
WBGene00015574Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041034
WBGene00008974Paper_evidenceWBPaper00031865
WBGene00005152Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006215
WBGene00005155Paper_evidenceWBPaper00006215
WBGene00000034Paper_evidenceWBPaper00032003
WBGene00004055Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005709
WBPaper00005370
WBPaper00024190
WBPaper00040621
WBPaper00045112
WBGene00000898Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005917
WBGene00004758Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005370
WBPaper00005803
WBPaper00024674
WBGene00003822Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005370
WBPaper00005803
WBGene00003090Paper_evidenceWBPaper00005382
WBGene00001250Paper_evidenceWBPaper00044091
WBGene00000912Paper_evidenceWBPaper00042350
WBPaper00042464
WBPaper00040242
WBPaper00045112
WBGene00003999Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041654
WBGene00006575Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040621
WBGene00019327Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041034
WBPaper00041033
WBGene00001898Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040410
WBGene00001995Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040410
WBGene00001996Paper_evidenceWBPaper00040410
WBGene00006593Paper_evidenceWBPaper00045112
Expression_cluster (24)
Interaction (32)
Life_stageWBls:0000023Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041045
MoleculeWBMol:00003916Paper_evidenceWBPaper00042350
WBMol:00005314Paper_evidenceWBPaper00041211
Associated_withPhenotypeWBPhenotype:0001012Paper_evidenceWBPaper00032003
WBPaper00004574
WBPhenotype:0001013Paper_evidenceWBPaper00032003
WBPaper00031865
WBPaper00004574
WBPhenotype:0001269Paper_evidenceWBPaper00004574
WBPhenotype:0001800Paper_evidenceWBPaper00031865
GO_termGO:0006952
GO:0098542
Reference (418)