WormBase Tree Display for Gene: WBGene00000683

WBGene00000683 Evidence: Person_evidence: WBPerson345
      WBPerson651
  SMap: S_parent: Sequence: Y38C1BA
  Identity: Version: 1
    Name: CGC_name: col-109 Person_evidence: WBPerson345
      Sequence_name: Y38C1BA.3
      Molecular_name: Y38C1BA.3
        Y38C1BA.3.1
        CE21569
      Other_name: CELE_Y38C1BA.3 Accession_evidence: NDB BX284604
      Public_name: col-109
    DB_info: Database: AceView gene 4C582
        WormQTL gene WBGene00000683
        WormFlux gene WBGene00000683
        NDB locus_tag CELE_Y38C1BA.3
        Panther gene CAEEL|WormBase=WBGene00000683|UniProtKB=Q9N527
          family PTHR24637
        NCBI gene 176988
        RefSeq protein NM_067737.6
        TrEMBL UniProtAcc Q9N527
        UniProt_GCRP UniProtAcc Q9N527
    Species: Caenorhabditis elegans
    History: Version_change: 1 07 Apr 2004 11:29:21 WBPerson1971 Event: Imported: Initial conversion from geneace
    Status: Live
  Gene_info: Biotype: SO:0001217
    Gene_class: col
    Allele (74)
    Strain: WBStrain00055301
    RNASeq_FPKM (74)
    GO_annotation: 00095035
      00095036
      00095037
      00095038
      00105795
      00107677
    Ortholog (30)
    Paralog (163)
    Structured_description: Concise_description: col-109 encodes a cuticular collagen; loss of col-109 via large-scale RNAi screens results in no obvious defects. Paper_evidence: WBPaper00027067
          Curator_confirmed: WBPerson1843
          Date_last_updated: 27 Mar 2007 00:00:00
      Automated_description: Predicted to be a structural constituent of cuticle. Involved in IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be part of collagen trimer. Paper_evidence: WBPaper00065943
          Curator_confirmed: WBPerson324
            WBPerson37462
          Inferred_automatically: This description was generated automatically by a script based on data from the WS291 version of WormBase
          Date_last_updated: 29 Nov 2023 00:00:00
  Molecular_info (4)
  Experimental_info: RNAi_result: WBRNAi00056003 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
      WBRNAi00070728 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
      WBRNAi00001065 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
      WBRNAi00070729 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
      WBRNAi00020266 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
      WBRNAi00036835 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
      WBRNAi00020260 Inferred_automatically: RNAi_primary
    Expr_pattern: Expr1019082
      Expr1030407
      Expr1159520
      Expr2010306
      Expr2028550
    Microarray_results (21)
    Expression_cluster: WBPaper00024375:Up_vhl-1_vs_hif-1_vhl-1
      WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
      WBPaper00032031:DConiospora_downregulated_cDNA_24h
      WBPaper00033065:cyc-1(RNAi)_upregulated
      WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L2-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_embryo_enriched
      WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_embryo_SelectivelyEnriched
      WBPaper00037950:glr-1(+)-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L1-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:intestine_L1-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00037950:pharyngeal-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
      WBPaper00038118:stress_upregulated_N2
      WBPaper00038237:age-1_upregulated_intestine_rescue
      WBPaper00038237:age-1_upregulated_neuron_rescue
      WBPaper00038237:age-1_upregulated_nontransgenic
      WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_RNAseq
      WBPaper00038438:Harposporium_24hr_downregulated_RNAseq
      WBPaper00038438:P.lumniescens_24hr_upregulated_RNAseq
      WBPaper00038438:P.lumniescens_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
      WBPaper00040134:nhr-49(RNAi)_regulated_protein
      WBPaper00040285:H2S_24hr_downregulated
      WBPaper00040560:hpl-2_L3_downregulated
      WBPaper00042034:NO_upregulated_hsf-1(sy441)
      WBPaper00042034:NO_upregulated_N2
      WBPaper00042165:let-7_downregulated
      WBPaper00042477:prp-8(RNAi)_downregulated_RNAseq
      WBPaper00042477:rsr-2(RNAi)_downregulated_RNAseq
      WBPaper00043945:MeHg_upregulated
      WBPaper00044260:1-methylnicotinamide_upregulated
      WBPaper00044260:nicotinc-acid_upregulated
      WBPaper00044316:CH3HgCl_7.5uM_downregulated
      WBPaper00044426:rotenone_24h_upregulated
      WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
      WBPaper00044736:oscillating_dev_expression
      WBPaper00044786:emr-1(RNAi);lem-2(tm1582)_upregulated
      WBPaper00044786:lem-2(tm1582)_upregulated
      WBPaper00045257:bar-1(ga80)_downregulated
      WBPaper00045417:128Q-huntingtin_downreglated
      WBPaper00045774:clk-1_upregulated
      WBPaper00045934:wrn-1(gk99)_downregulated
      WBPaper00046337:polysomal_daf-2_vs_daf-2;daf-16_downregulated
      WBPaper00046337:polysomal_N2_vs_daf-2_downregulated
      WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_upregulated_6h
      WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_downregulated_protein
      WBPaper00046527:glucose_upregulated
      WBPaper00046805:P-granule-RNAi_downregulated_Set1
      WBPaper00047132:glp-1(ts)-25C_upregulated
      WBPaper00047132:glp-1(ts)-25C_upregulated_skn-1-dependent
      WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
      WBPaper00049018:swsn-2.2(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00049134:hpk-1(pk1393)_upregulated
      WBPaper00049159:Microwave_upregulated_L4
      WBPaper00049334:CE_intestine_enriched
      WBPaper00049920:Glucose-Diet_upregulated_hyl-2(tm2031)
      WBPaper00049920:Glucose-Diet_upregulated_N2
      WBPaper00049920:hyl-2(tm2031)_upregulated
      WBPaper00049942:HeatShock_upregulated_hsf-1(+)
      WBPaper00049942:hsf-1(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00050109:rBmTX14_upregulated
      WBPaper00050717:let-7(n2853)_lin-41(xe11)_downregulated
      WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
      WBPaper00050801:DAF-12_dauer_regulome
      WBPaper00050801:DAF-16_dauer_regulome
      WBPaper00050801:DPY-21_dauer_regulome
      WBPaper00050801:SET-4_dauer_regulome
      WBPaper00050843:sesamin_downregulated
      WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(+)_vs_control_day2-adult
      WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(-)_vs_control_day2-adult
      WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
      WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
      WBPaper00051245:epidermis_nucleus_expressed
      WBPaper00051265:F1_morc-1(tm6048)_upregulated
      WBPaper00051265:F4_hrde-1(tm1200)_downregulated
      WBPaper00051265:F4_morc-1(tm6048)_downregulated
      WBPaper00051404:alg-1(gk214)_downregulated
      WBPaper00051404:alg-2(ok304)_downregulated
      WBPaper00051558:aging_regulated
      WBPaper00052884:emb-4(hc60)_upregulated
      WBPaper00053023:nrx-1(tm1961);nlg-1(ok259)_upregulated
      WBPaper00053184:sma-2(rax5)_upregulated
      WBPaper00053184:sma-4(rax3)_upregulated
      WBPaper00053302:alovudine_24h_regulated
      WBPaper00053302:alovudine_72h_regulated
      WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
      WBPaper00053302:zidovudine_72h_regulated
      WBPaper00053318:Aging_downregulated_mRNA_N2
      WBPaper00053318:mir-71(n4115)_downregulated_mRNA
      WBPaper00053388:dauer_regulated_Cluster4
      WBPaper00053402:cco-1(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00053657:JU2519_M.humicola-infection_12hr
      WBPaper00053657:N2_M.humicola-infection_12hr
      WBPaper00053771:up_at_dpy-7(e88)
      WBPaper00054410:set-9(rw5)_downregulated
      WBPaper00054410:set-26(tm2467)_downregulated
      WBPaper00054493:hpl-2(tm1489)_upregulated
      WBPaper00055013:hmg-3(bar24)_downregulated
      WBPaper00055013:hmg-4(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00055013:spt-16(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00055049:S.gordonii_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:eat-2(ad1116)_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Rifampicin-Psora_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Rifampicin_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Allantoin_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Psora_upregulated
      WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin_upregulated
      WBPaper00055626:pry-1(mu38)_downregulated
      WBPaper00055827:pfd-6(gk493446)_downregulated
      WBPaper00055897:heat-shock_upregulated
      WBPaper00055941:atfs-1(et15)_upregulated
      WBPaper00055969:electromagnetic-field_upregulated
      WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_20C_downregulated
      WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_downregulated
      WBPaper00056034:pals-22(jy3)_upregulated
      WBPaper00056039:ptl-1(ok621)_downregulated
      WBPaper00056039:ptrn-1(tm5597)_downregulated
      WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_upregulated_hpx-2(dg047)
      WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_upregulated_N2
      WBPaper00056090:hpx-2(dg047)_upregulated_E.faecalis
      WBPaper00056139:soil-microbiota_upregulated
      WBPaper00056167:Cry5B_downregulated
      WBPaper00056167:ifo-1(kc2)_downregulated
      WBPaper00056169:rrf-3(pk1426)_downregulated_adult
      WBPaper00056169:rrf-3(pk1426)_downregulated_L4
      WBPaper00056169:rrf-3(pk1426)_upregulated_L2
      WBPaper00056284:ints-1(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_upregulated
      WBPaper00056290:mdt-15(mg584)_upregulated
      WBPaper00056326:zip-3(gk3164)_upregulated_P.aeruginosa-infected
      WBPaper00056330:glycine_downregulated
      WBPaper00056443:sek-1(km4)_upregulated
      WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_downregulated
      WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_downregulated_N2
      WBPaper00056586:kri-1(ok1251)_upregulated
      WBPaper00056997:nmad-1(ok3133)_upregulated_germline_25C
      WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_downregulated_miRNA-target
      WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_upregulated_mRNA
      WBPaper00058598:mex-1(or286)_upregulated
      WBPaper00058598:mex-3(eu149)_upregulated
      WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
      WBPaper00058598:spn-4(tm291)_upregulated
      WBPaper00058711:wdr-5(ok1417)_upregulated
      WBPaper00058948:npr-8(ok1439)_downregulated_OP50
      WBPaper00058948:PA14_downregulated
      WBPaper00058958:100mGy-irradiation-72h_upregulated
      WBPaper00059117:B.subtilis_upregulated
      WBPaper00059191:hsp-16.2p-LIN-29_upregulated
      WBPaper00059328:mrps-5(RNAi)_downregulated_mRNA
      WBPaper00059421:daf-1(m40);daf-3(mgDf90)_downregulated
      WBPaper00059421:daf-1(m40)_upregulated
      WBPaper00059421:daf-3(mgDf90)_downregulated
      WBPaper00059566:wdr-23(mac32)_upregulated
      WBPaper00059605:mut-16(pk710)_upregulated
      WBPaper00059664:srbc-48(ac23)_upregulated
      WBPaper00059739:hira-1(gk835598)_downregulated_L4
      WBPaper00059739:hira-1(gk835598)_upregulated_adult
      WBPaper00059816:crh-1(n3315)_uprgulated
      WBPaper00059824:rnp-6(dh1127)_regulated_OP50
      WBPaper00059824:rnp-6(dh1127)_regulated_S.aureus
      WBPaper00060100:SiNP_upregulated_mRNA
      WBPaper00060273:isp-1(qm150)_upregulated
      WBPaper00060273:vrk-1(RNAi)_downregulated
      WBPaper00060358:B.thuringiensis_pathogen_regulated_elt-2(RNAi)
      WBPaper00060358:B.thuringiensis_pathogen_regulated_N2
      WBPaper00060399:pqm-1(ok485)_upregulated_CoCl2_6hr
      WBPaper00060445:nfki-1(cer1)_downregulated_L1
      WBPaper00060445:nfki-1(cer1)_downregulated_L4
      WBPaper00060459:bcat-1(RNAi)_upregulated
      WBPaper00060479:sid-2(mj465)_upregulated
      WBPaper00060683:hlh-11(ko1)_upregulated
      WBPaper00060703:nas-38(ok3407)_upregulated
      WBPaper00060764:swsn-1(os22ts)_upregulated
      WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_downregulated_neural
      WBPaper00061007:HB115_upregulated
      WBPaper00061007:M.braciatum_upregulated
      WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_upregulated
      WBPaper00061007:X.citri_upregulated
      WBPaper00061081:E.faecalis_upregulated_N2
      WBPaper00061081:skpo-1(ok1640)_upregulated_OP50
      WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
      WBPaper00061203:spr-1(ok2144)_upregulated
      WBPaper00061340:AMso
      WBPaper00061340:ant_arc_V
      WBPaper00061340:hyp1_hyp2
      WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_upregulated
      WBPaper00061424:Diet_MYb120_upregulated
      WBPaper00061424:Diet_MYb131_upregulated
      WBPaper00061479:hda-1(ne4752)_upregulated
      WBPaper00061479:hrde-1(tm1200)_upregulated
      WBPaper00061479:prg-1(tm872)_upregulated
      WBPaper00061479:ubc-9(ne4833)_upregulated
      WBPaper00061527:R12E2.14_75-R12E2.15
      WBPaper00061651:AMso_enriched
      WBPaper00061902:camt-1(ok515)_regulated_RMG
      WBPaper00061995:mter-4(syb3662syb3403)_downregulated
      WBPaper00062118:neural-HSF-1_downregulated
      WBPaper00062156:jmjd-1.2(zr1010)_upregulated
      WBPaper00062156:jmjd-5(zr1234)_upregulated
      WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
      WBPaper00062193:skn-1(RNAi)_upregulated
      WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
      WBPaper00062345:bortezomib_4h_upregulated_N2
      WBPaper00062345:bortezomib_4h_upregulated_zip-1(jy13)
      WBPaper00062446:nhr-8(hd117)_upregulated
      WBPaper00062456:doxycycline_upregulated_N2_transcript
      WBPaper00062534:fat-P-80_downregulated
      WBPaper00062534:fat-P-80_downregulated_ech-6(RNAi)
      WBPaper00062590:Aging_downregulated_neuron
      WBPaper00062715:blmp-1(s71)_upregulated
      WBPaper00064005:starvation_downregulated_aptf-1(gk794)_mRNA
      WBPaper00064005:starvation_downregulated_N2_mRNA
      WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
      WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_fem-3(q20)
      WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
      WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
      WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_fem-3(q20)
      WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
      WBPaper00064107:lin-35(n745)_downregulated
      WBPaper00064122:vulva_transcriptome
      WBPaper00064156:lipl-4(overexpress)_upregulated
      WBPaper00064229:B.thuringiensis-Cry5Ba_upregulated
      WBPaper00064291:antimycin_upregulated
      WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
      WBPaper00064403:Heat-killed-E.Coli_upregulated
      WBPaper00064539:nhr-114(gk849)_downregulated
      WBPaper00064661:lpd-3(ok2138)_upregulated
      WBPaper00064716:paraquat_upregulated
      WBPaper00064721:fasn-1(g14)_downregulated_starved
      WBPaper00064727:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated
      WBPaper00064728:cpl-1(W32AY35A)_upregulated
      WBPaper00064788:ketamine_upregulated
      WBPaper00065029:cadmium_downregulated
      WBPaper00065074:glna(-)_downregulated
      WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_downregulated
      WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_downregulated
      WBPaper00065096:npr-8(ok1439)_upregulated_Day1_25C
      WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
      WBPaper00065258:anchor-cell_enriched
      WBPaper00065392:Lb.delbrueckii_upregulated
      WBPaper00065392:Lb.gasseri_upregulated
      WBPaper00065392:Lb.reuteri_upregulated
      WBPaper00065392:Lb.rhamnosus_upregulated
      WBPaper00065392:P.pentosaceus_upregulated
      WBPaper00065560:E.coli-HB101_downregulated_F3
      WBPaper00065560:E.coli-HB101_downregulated_P0
      WBPaper00065581:hpk-1(pk1393)_upregulated
      WBPaper00065746:eat-2(ad1113)_downregulated
      WBPaper00065749:endu-2(tm4977)_upregulated
      WBPaper00065759:dot-1.1(knu339)_upregulated
      WBPaper00065841:35_0
      WBPaper00065841:82_0
      WBPaper00065841:82_1
      WBPaper00065841:85_0
      WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
      WBPaper00065984:pals-17(syb3980)_downregulated
      WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_downregulated
      WBPaper00066093:E.coli-purE_upregulated
      WBPaper00066110:Cisplatin_upregulated_diploid
      WBPaper00066110:Doxorubicin_upregulated_diploid
      WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_upregulated
      WBPaper00066232:ash-2(RNAi)_downregulated_WT
      WBPaper00066232:hsf-1(RNAi)_upregulated_ash-2
      WBPaper00066232:hsf-1(RNAi)_upregulated_WT
      cgc4386_cluster_2_4
      cgc4489_group_1
      cgc4489_group_23
      WBPaper00024671:AFD_AWB_vs_unsorted_downregulated
      WBPaper00025099:MA_specific
      WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
      WBPaper00026929:Resveratrol_regulated_daf-16
      WBPaper00026929:Resveratrol_regulated_N2
      WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
      WBPaper00028789:PA14_vs_gacA_downregulated_8hr
      WBPaper00030839:Larval_A_Class
      WBPaper00030985:Serratia_marcesens_upregulated
      WBPaper00031003:0hr_muscle_depleted
      WBPaper00031003:total_muscle_depleted
      WBPaper00031252:AIN-2_IP_enriched
      WBPaper00031532:Larva_Pan_Neuronal_Depleted
      WBPaper00032062:age_regulated_genes
      WBPaper00032948:FedUp
      WBPaper00033101:spr-5_regulated
      WBPaper00035588:alg-1(-)_upregulated
      WBPaper00035873:dpy-9_regulated
      WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
      WBPaper00035873:osm-8_regulated
      WBPaper00035905:FBF-1_Associated
      WBPaper00036130:mir-243_up_regulated
      WBPaper00036286:Pattern_G
      WBPaper00036375:depleted_in_PVD_OLL
      WBPaper00037113:CPF_16C_down-regulated
      WBPaper00038060:SUMO-1_downregulated
      WBPaper00038172:crh-1null_down_regulated
      WBPaper00038172:tax-6null_down_regulated
      WBPaper00038304:octr-1_regulated
      WBPaper00040116:pRJ-FR.5_down_regulated
      WBPaper00040603:tdp-1(lf)_down_vs_N2_FC_1.2
      WBPaper00040823:alg-1(gk214)_upregulated
      WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
      WBPaper00040876:mir-35_downregulated
      WBPaper00041939:control_vs_EtBr-exposed_48h
      WBPaper00041939:control_vs_UVC-EtBr-exposed_48h
      WBPaper00041939:control_vs_UVC-EtBr-exposed_51h
      WBPaper00041939:UVC-EtBr-exposed_vs_UVC-exposed_48h
      WBPaper00041939:UVC-EtBr-exposed_vs_UVC-exposed_51h
      WBPaper00042258:DA1877_downregulated_YoungAdult
      WBPaper00042274:tbx-2(bx59)_upregulated
      WBPaper00042331:a-SWCNTs_downregulated
      WBPaper00042574:rde-1(ne219)_OrsayVirus_upregulated
      WBPaper00045015:nhr-25(RNAi)_upregulated
      WBPaper00045673:colistin_upregulated
      WBPaper00046083:oga-1(ok1207)_OP50_downregulated
      WBPaper00046083:ogt-1(ok1474)_OP50_downregulated
      WBPaper00046083:pmk-1(km25)_OP50_downregulated
      WBPaper00046548:dafachronic-acid_downregulated
      WBPaper00046853:AOBr_M.aeruginosa-batch-culture_downregulated
      WBPaper00047070:N2_starvation_downregulated
      WBPaper00047070:N2_UV_downregulated
      WBPaper00047070:xpa-1_UV_downregulated
      WBPaper00048624:hlh-25(ok1710)_upregulated
      WBPaper00048637:lin-35(n745)_starvation_upregulated
      WBPaper00048989:eat-2(ad465)_downregulated_in-DMSO
      WBPaper00048989:eat-2(ad465)_rapamycin_upregulated
      WBPaper00048989:N2_allantoin_downregulated
      WBPaper00048989:N2_rapamycin_upregulated
      WBPaper00049311:sAg-MNP_regulated
      WBPaper00050515:nipi-3(fr4)_upregulated
      WBPaper00050650:mBmkTX_upregulated
      WBPaper00053550:daf-19(m86)_downregulated_L1
      WBPaper00055899:nitroguanidine_regulated
      [cgc6390]:Cluster_C
      [cgc6390]:male_sex-enriched
    Interaction (23)
  Map_info: Map: IV Position: -15.7597 Error: 0.0722
    Positive: Positive_clone: Y38C1BA Inferred_automatically: From CDS info
            From sequence, transcript, pseudogene data
    Pseudo_map_position
  Reference: WBPaper00027067
    WBPaper00060839
    WBPaper00062388
  Remark: Map position created from combination of previous interpolated map position (based on known location of sequence) and allele information. Therefore this is not a genetic map position based on recombination frequencies or genetic experiments. This was done on advice of the CGC. CGC_data_submission
  Method: Gene