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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
2003]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium salicylate in water solutions on the nematode life span. In this experiment sodium salicylate was used in following dilutions: 1000, 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L. Three adult animals (3 - 5 days old) were kept in microtitre wells containing 0.5 ml of liquid medium (with E. coli and without sodium salicylate) during 4 hours, then they were discarded and newborn larvae were transferred in next wells (without sodium salicylate in medium) every day (one worm in one well) beginning from third day. Then, beginning from 3rd day, these worms were transferred every day in next wells containing medium with sodium salicylate in any concentration. This investigation was carried out in temperature +21C and in the darkness. The obtained results are presented in the following table
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
2003]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glycerol in water solutions on the nematode life span. In this experiment glycerol was used in following dilutions: 100 g/L, 10 g/L, 1 g/L, 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L. Three adult animals (3-5 days old) were kept in microtitre wells containing 0.5 ml of liquid medium (with E. coli and without glycerol) during 4 hours, then they were discarded and newborn larvae were transferred in next wells (without glycerol in medium) every day (one worm in one well) beginning from third day. Then, beginning from 3rd day, these worms were transferred every day in next wells containing medium with glycerol in any concentration. This investigation was carried out in temperature +21C and in the darkness. The obtained results are presented in the following table.
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
2003]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of kudesan (a water-soluble medicine, containing 30.0 mg of ubiquinone and 4.5 mg of a-tocopherol in 1 mL) in water solutions on the nematode life span. In this experiment kudesan was used in following dilutions: 1000, 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L. Three adult animals (3 - 5 days old) were kept in microtitre wells containing 0.5 ml of liquid medium (with E. coli and without kudesan) during 4 hours, then they were discarded and newborn larvae were transferred in next wells (without kudesan in medium) every day (one worm in one well) beginning from third day. Then, beginning from 3rd day, these worms were transferred every day in next wells containing medium with kudesan in any concentration. This investigation was carried out in temperature +21C and in the darkness. The obtained results are presented in the following table.
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
2003]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide in water solutions on the nematode life span. In this experiment hydrogen peroxide was used in following dilutions: 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0.001 mg/L. Three adult animals (3-5 days old) were kept in microtitre wells containing 0.5 ml of liquid medium (with E. coli and without hydrogen peroxide) during 4 hours, then they were discarded and newborn larvae were transferred in next wells (without hydrogen peroxide in medium) every day (one worm in one well) beginning from third day. Then, beginning from 3rd day, these worms were transferred every day in next wells containing medium with hydrogen peroxide in any concentration. This investigation was carried out in temperature +21C and in the darkness. The obtained results are presented in the following table. Conclusion: If hydrogen peroxide solution was applied to C. elegans, it was not able to increase their mean longevity significantly in comparison with control.
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
2002]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid in water solutions on the nematode life span. In this experiment acetylsalicylic acid was used in following dilutions: 1000, 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L. Three adult animals (3 - 5 days old) were kept in microtitre wells containing 0.5 ml of liquid medium (with E. coli and without acetylsalicylic acid) during 4 hours, then they were discarded and newborn larvae were transferred in next wells (without acetylsalicylic acid in medium) every day (one worm in one well) beginning from third day. Then, beginning from 3rd day, these worms were transferred every day in next wells containing medium with acetylsalicylic acid in any concentration. This investigation was carried out in temperature +21C and in the darkness. The obtained results are presented in the following table. Conclusion: If acetylsalicylic acid solution was applied to C. elegans in concentration of 10 mg/L, it was able to increase significantly (P>0.05) their mean longevity in comparison with control to 83.96 percent.
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
2003]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acetylsalicylic acid in water solutions on the nematode life span. In this experiment acetylsalicylic acid was used in following dilutions: 1000, 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/L. Three adult animals (3 - 5 days old) were kept in microtitre wells containing 0.5 ml of liquid medium (with E. coli and without acetylsalicylic acid) during 4 hours, then they were discarded and newborn larvae were transferred in next wells (without acetylsalicylic acid in medium) every day (one worm in one well) beginning from third day. Then, beginning from 3rd day, these worms were transferred every day in next wells containing medium with acetylsalicylic acid in any concentration. This investigation was carried out in temperature +21C and in the darkness. The obtained results are presented in the following table
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[
Biochemistry,
2012]
Decapping scavenger (DcpS) enzymes catalyze the cleavage of a residual cap structure following 3' 5' mRNA decay. Some previous studies suggested that both m(7)GpppG and m(7)GDP were substrates for DcpS hydrolysis. Herein, we show that mononucleoside diphosphates, m(7)GDP (7-methylguanosine diphosphate) and m(3)(2,2,7)GDP (2,2,7-trimethylguanosine diphosphate), resulting from mRNA decapping by the Dcp1/2 complex in the 5' 3' mRNA decay, are not degraded by recombinant DcpS proteins (human, nematode, and yeast). Furthermore, whereas mononucleoside diphosphates (m(7)GDP and m(3)(2,2,7)GDP) are not hydrolyzed by DcpS, mononucleoside triphosphates (m(7)GTP and m(3)(2,2,7)GTP) are, demonstrating the importance of a triphosphate chain for DcpS hydrolytic activity. m(7)GTP and m(3)(2,2,7)GTP are cleaved at a slower rate than their corresponding dinucleotides (m(7)GpppG and m(3)(2,2,7)GpppG, respectively), indicating an involvement of the second nucleoside for efficient DcpS-mediated digestion. Although DcpS enzymes cannot hydrolyze m(7)GDP, they have a high binding affinity for m(7)GDP and m(7)GDP potently inhibits DcpS hydrolysis of m(7)GpppG, suggesting that m(7)GDP may function as an efficient DcpS inhibitor. Our data have important implications for the regulatory role of m(7)GDP in mRNA metabolic pathways due to its possible interactions with different cap-binding proteins, such as DcpS or eIF4E.
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[
J Infect Dis,
2015]
BACKGROUND: Elimination of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis is targeted for 2020. Given the coincident Loa loa infections in Central Africa and the potential for drug resistance development, the need for new microfilaricides and macrofilaricides has never been greater. With the genomes of L. loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi available, new drug targets have been identified. METHODS: The effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib on B. malayi adult males, adult females, L3 larvae, and microfilariae were assessed using a wide dose range (0-100 M) in vitro. RESULTS: For microfilariae, median inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values) on day 6 were 6.06 M for imatinib, 3.72 M for dasatinib, and 81.35 M for nilotinib; for L3 larvae, 11.27 M, 13.64 M, and 70.98 M, respectively; for adult males, 41.6 M, 3.87 M, and 68.22 M, respectively; and for adult females, 42.89 M, 9.8 M, and >100 M, respectively. Three-dimensional modeling suggests how these tyrosine kinase inhibitors bind and inhibit filarial protein activity. CONCLUSIONS: Given the safety of imatinib in humans, plans are underway for pilot clinical trials to assess its efficacy in patients with filarial infections.
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
1976]
We have studied maternal effects in 23 zyg ts mutants to estimate the times of expression of genes whose products are required in embryogenesis. We have used the following three tests, called arbitrarily A, B, and C. A test: Heterozygous (m/+) L4's are shifted to 25 C and allowed to self-fertilize. If 100% of their eggs yield larvae (25% of which express the mutant phenotype as adults), then the mutant is scored as maternal (M). If 25% of the F1 eggs fail to hatch, then the mutant is scored as non-maternal (N). An M result indicates that expression of the + allele in the parent allows m/m zygotes to hatch and grow to adulthood. A result of N indicates the opposite: that the + allele must be expressed in the zygote for hatching to occur. Out of 23 zyg mutants tested, 3 were scored N and 20 were scored M in the A test. Therefore, for most of the genes defined by these mutants, expression in the parent is sufficient for zygote survival, even if the gene is not expressed in the zygote. B test: Homozygous (m/m) hermaphrodites reared at 25 C are mated with N2 (+/+) males. If eggs fail to hatch at 25 C, but mated hermaphrodites shifted to 16 C produce cross progeny to give proof of mating, then the mutant is scored M. If cross progeny appear in the 25 C mating, then the mutant is scored N. An M result indicates that expression of the + allele in the zygote is not sufficient to allow m/+ progeny of an m/m hermaphrodite to survive. Conversely an N result indicates either that zygotic expression of the + allele is sufficient for survival, or that a sperm function or factor needed for early embryogenesis can be supplied paternally (see C test below). Out of the 23 zyg mutants tested, 11 were scored M and 12 were scored N. The combined results of A and B tests and their simplest interpretation are as follows. Ten mutants are M,M; the genes defined by these mutants must be expressed in the hermaphrodite parent for the zygote to survive. Ten mutants are M,N; these genes can be expressed either in the parent or in the zygote. Two mutants are N,N; these genes must be expressed in the zygote. One mutant is N,M; this gene must be expressed both in the maternal parent and in the zygote. C test: Homozygous (m/m) hermaphrodites reared at 25 C are mated with heterozygous (m/+) males. If rescue by a +/+ male in the B test depends on the + allele, then only half the cross progeny zygotes of a C test mating (m/+ male x m/m hermaphrodite) should survive. However, if rescue depends on a function or cytoplasmic component from the male sperm, then all the cross progeny zygotes in a C test should survive. Of the 10 M,N mutants, 6 have been C tested; one exhibited paternal rescue independent of the + allele. The A and B tests also were carried out on 16 mutants that arrest before the L3 molt (acc mutants). In the A test on 2 of these mutants, all m/m progeny of m/+ parents grew to adulthood at 25 C. Therefore, parental contributions are sufficient to overcome a progeny mutational block as late as the L2 stage. All 16 acc mutants scored N in the B test.
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[
Worm Breeder's Gazette,
1994]
cej-1 Encodes a Novel Protein with Poly-Threonine Motif M. L. A. Khanl, M. Tabish, T. Fukushigel1 S. Tsukita2, M. Itoh , Sh. Tsukita , and S. S. Siddiqui. (1): Lab. of Molecular Biology, Dept of Ecological Engg. Toyohashi Univ. Technology, Toyohashi 441, and (2). National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444, Japan.